Английский язык в сфере юриспруденции. Вариант 3. НГУЭУ

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ВАРИАНТ №3
Лексика
1. Выберите слово, чтобы получилось словосочетание, которое используется в
юридической сфере. Номера соответствий внесите в лист ответов.
1 warrant of a) court b) arrest c) theft
2. to plead a) arrest b) innocent c) guilty
3. date of a ) time b) company c ) delivery
4. probation a) officer b) convicted c) person
5. to file a) punishment b) complain c) theft
2. Соотнесите словосочетания и определения к данным словосочетаниям. Номера
соответствий внесите в лист ответов.
6. to commit a crime or an offence a) a legal process in court whereby an accused
person is investigated and then found guilty or not guilty
7. to defend/prosecute someone in court b) to do something illegal
8. to pass verdict on an accused person c)to argue for or against someone in a trial
9. trial d)to decide whether they are guilty or not
3. Выберите английское словосочетание, соответствующее русскому. Номера
соответствий внесите в лист ответов.
10. свидетель защиты a) witness for defense b) witness for prosecution
11. приговор a) imprisonment b)sentence
12. договор аренды а) a lease contract b) executory contract
13. ночная кража со взломом a)burglary b)arson
14.обвинять кого-то в чем то a)confess smb with smth b) charge smb with smth
15. шантаж а) blackmail b) beheading
Грамматика
4. Выберите правильный вариант глагола в пассивном залоге. Внесите букву,
обозначающую правильный вариант, в лист ответов
16. The auditors … already … all the necessary documents, and they can start their work.
a) were shown b) have been shown
17. Most books should………….before.
a) have been tested b)be tested
18. The tank … at the moment.
a) is filling b) is being filled
19. Why … he always … at?
a) is being laughed b) is laughed
20. You … for. Go, I won’t delay you.
a) are waited b) are being waited
21. The window was broken, and the money …
a) were disappeared b) was disappeared с) disappeared
22. The details of the contract should … much before signing it.
a) have been discussed b) be discussed
23. He never … to people.
a) listens b) is listened c) listen
24. Stay here. The show will … perfectly well from this place
a) see b) be seen
25. The police will… him sooner or later,
a) is arrested b) be arrested c) arrest
26. The fine hasn’t…………yet: we have no money.
a) paid b) was c) been paid
27. He will… in prison.
a) is put b) put c) be put
5. Выберите подходящий глагол в нужном времени. Внесите букву,
обозначающую правильный вариант, в лист ответов.
28. Students…………. law at the university.
a) have studied b) study c) are studying
29. Lawyers……………. to the agreement by the end of the present session.
a) had come b) came с) have come
30. Every year the State Duma of the RF…………..a lot of laws.
a) passes b) was passing c) is passing
31. He ………. to the university next year.
a) will be enrolled b) enroll c) be enrolled
32. In 1992 our country……………….. the treaty.
a) had ratified b) ratified c) was ratified
33. The police caught the man when he ……………..the shop.
a) robbing b) was robbing c) robed
34. For about 10 years legislators……….the bill.
a) had discussing b) discussed c) have been discussing
35. The police……… the killer yet.
a) didn’t find b) hasn’t found c) haven’t found
36. He………………. with the judge by 6 o’clock tomorrow.
a) b) haven’t talked b) will have talked c) hasn’t yet talked
37. You look very thoughtful. What…………. about?
a) are you thinking b) do you think c) do
38. Last year he……….. from the university.
a) has graduated b) graduated c) was graduated
6. Выберите правильный вариант сравнительного оборота. Внесите букву,
обозначающую правильный вариант, в лист ответов.
39. The period is twice ….. long ……… a semester.
a) as longer…….as b) the c) as ….as
40.The document is ……..concise ………. possible.
a) such……as b) So……as c) as……as
41.Her resume is …… clear…….. required.
a) not as……as b) so……..that c) more
42………… you communicate with people,…………. clients you have.
a)the better……the best b) as………as c) the better………the more
43.…………. you work, ………. you study.
a)the better………the more b)the best……….the better c)the more……..the better
Чтение
7. Прочитайте текст и определите верны ли приведенные ниже утверждения (а —
верно; b — не верно; c — информация в тексте отсутствует). Внесите букву,
обозначающую правильный вариант в лист ответов.
1. The judicial system of the Russian Federation consists of courts at the federal level and
regional. Courts.
Courts at the federal level
The Constitutional Court. This is the highest judicial body in the Russian Federation. It is
made up of 19 judges, proposed by the President of the Russian Federation and approved by the
Federation Council. Since June 2008 the Constitutional Court has been located in St Petersburg.
The Constitutional Court has jurisdiction to interpret the RF Constitution; to decide whether a
federal law is consistent with the country’s Constitution; and to adjudicate whether or not laws
regulations and normative acts passed by the President of the Russian Federation, the Council of the
Federation, the State Duma, the Government of the Russian Federation, constitutions of republics,
charters and other normative acts of the subjects of Russian Federation are consistent with the
Constitution of the Russian Federation; Courts of General Jurisdiction.
The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. This is the supreme judicial body for all
courts of general jurisdiction on civil, criminal and administrative matters. As of today the Supreme
Court consists of 123 judges. Judges for the Supreme Court are proposed by the President of the
Russian Federation and approved by the upper house of the legislature, the Federation Council. The
Supreme Court is located in Moscow. It has jurisdiction as a court of cassation, i.e. it is the highest
court of appeal in the land. It is a court of supervisory instance over the courts of the subjects of the
Russian Federation and over the tier of district courts below that level. There are three chambers in
the structure of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation: Judicial Chamber on Civil Cases;
Judicial Chamber on Criminal Cases; and Military Chamber. The Plenary Session of the Supreme
Court can issue regulations. Regulations are a unique element of the machinery for the
implementation of domestic law in the Russian legal system. Enacted by the Plenary Session, they
are “explanations on issues of judicial practice”, based on the overview and generalization of the
jurisprudence of the lower courts and Supreme Courts of subjects of the Federation. Regulations are
abstract opinions but legally binding on all lower courts. They summarize the judicial practice of
lower courts and explain how a particular provision of the law shall be applied. These regulations
are employed to ensure the consistent application of Russian law by explaining how the law shall be
interpreted. Regulations have their legal basis in Article 126 of the RF Constitution.
Military Courts. The basic tier of military courts is the military courts of the armed forces,
fleets, garrisons and separate military forces. The middle tier of military courts consists of military
courts of the branches of the armed forces, the seven Military Districts into which the country is
divided, and the districts of anti-aircraft defense, navy and individual armies. They consider
disputes involving military personnel. Three-tiered system of the military courts is an integral part
of Courts of General Jurisdiction.
Arbitration Courts. Arbitration courts form a system with jurisdiction over economic
disputes that, as a rule, arise between companies and individual entrepreneurs, both Russian and
foreign.
The Higher Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation. Judges for the Higher Arbitration
Court are proposed by the President of the Russian Federation (Article 127 of the Constitution) and
approved by the Federation Council. It exercises original jurisdiction over disputes between the
Russian government and commercial parties, the government and subjects of the Russian
Federation, or between subjects of the Russian Federation. The Plenary Session of the Higher
Arbitration Court can also issue Regulations.
Arbitration Courts. Ten Federal District Arbitration Courts act as courts of cassation.
The Appellate Courts consider appeals as a rehearing with new evidence.
The Arbitration Courts of the subjects of the Russian Federation consider the absolute majority of
economic disputes.
2. The judicial system in the United States is dual: it consists of the federal court system
and the state court systems. The federal courts are concerned with cases arising under federal law,
and the state courts with cases arising under state law. While each court system is responsible for
hearing certain cases, neither is completely independent of the other, and the systems often interact.
Furthermore, solving legal disputes and vindicating legal rights are key goals of both court systems.
The U.S. Constitution created a governmental structure for the United States known as federalism.
Federalism refers to a sharing of powers between the national government and the state
governments. The Constitution gives certain powers to the federal government and reserves the rest
for the states. Therefore, while the Constitution states that the federal government is supreme with
regard to those powers expressly or implicitly delegated to it, the states remain supreme in matters
reserved to them. This supremacy of each government in its own sphere is known as separate
sovereignty, meaning each government is sovereign in its own right.
Both the federal and state governments need their own court systems to apply and interpret
their laws. Furthermore, both the federal and state constitutions attempt to do this by specifically
spelling out the jurisdiction of their respective court systems. For example, since the Constitution
gives Congress sole authority to make uniform laws concerning bankruptcies, a state court would
lack jurisdiction in this matter. Likewise, since the Constitution does not give the federal
government authority in most matters concerning the regulation of the family, a federal court would
lack jurisdiction in a divorce case. This is why there are two separate court systems in America. The
federal court system deals with issues of law relating to those powers expressly or implicitly
granted to it by the U.S. Constitution, while the state court systems deal with issues of law relating
to those matters that the U.S. Constitution did not give to the federal government or explicitly deny
to the states.
The term “federal court” can actually refer to one of two types of courts. The first type of
court is what is known as an Article III court. These courts get their name from the fact that they
derive their power from Article III of the Constitution. These courts include the U.S. District
Courts, the U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeal, and the U.S. Supreme Court. They also include two
special courts: the U.S. Court of Claims and the U.S. Court of International Trade. These courts are
special because, unlike the other courts, they are not courts of general jurisdiction. Courts of general
jurisdiction can hear almost any case. All judges of Article III courts are appointed by the President
of the United States with the advice and consent of the Senate and hold office during good behavior.
The second type of court also is established by Congress. These courts are magistrate courts,
bankruptcy courts, the U.S. Court of Military Appeals, the U.S. Tax Court, and the U.S. Court of
Veterans’ Appeals. The judges of these courts are appointed by the President with the advice and
consent of the Senate. They hold office for a set number of years, usually about 15. Magistrate and
bankruptcy courts are attached to each U.S. District Court. The U.S. Court of Military Appeals,
U.S. Tax Court, and U.S. Court of Veterans’ Appeals are called Article I or legislative courts.
3. U.S. District Courts. There are 94 U.S. District Courts in the United States. Every state
has at least one district court, and some large states, such as California, have as many as four. Each
district court has between 2 and 28 judges. The U.S. District Courts are trial courts, or courts of
original jurisdiction. This means that most federal cases begin here. U.S. District Courts hear both
civil and criminal cases. In many cases, the judge determines issues of law, while the jury (or judge
sitting without a jury) determines findings of fact.
U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeal. There are 13 U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeal in the United
States. These courts are divided into 12 regional circuits and sit in various cities throughout the
country. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (the 13th Court) sits in Washington.
These courts will examine the trial record for only mistakes of law; the facts have already been
determined by the U.S. District Court. Therefore, the court usually will neither review the facts of
the case nor take any additional evidence. When hearing cases, these courts usually sit in panelsof
three judges.
….
44. The Constitutional Court has jurisdiction to interpret the RF Constitution; to decide
whether a federal law is consistent with the country’s Constitution; and to adjudicate whether or not
laws and regulations passed by the Republics and Regions of the Russian Federation are consistent
with the RF Constitution.
45. The Plenary Session of the Supreme Court can issue laws.
46. The judicial system in the United States consists of the federal court system and the state
court systems.
47. Bankruptcy courts hear cases arising under the Uniform Code.
48. Judges for all courts in RF are proposed by the State Duma.
49. U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeal are divided into 12 regional circuits and sit in various
cities throughout the country.
50. The Arbitration Courts of the subjects of the Russian Federation consider the little
majority of economic disputes.
Список литературы

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